Burden of oral diseases and noncommunicable diseases: An asia-pacific perspective

At a population level, there are no systematic data to correlate the pattern of prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCD) with oral disease burden in South Asian countries. The influence of the age, gender, and geographical distribution on these diseases is not reported. We attempt to provide a population level correlation of occurrence using the Global Burden of Disease approach. Materials and Methods: Using the data from the Global Burden of Diseases, 2016, the occurrence of oral diseases (dental caries of permanent teeth, edentulism (including severe tooth loss), and periodontal diseases) and various NCDs, based on geographical region, gender and age groups were collected and subjected to correlation statistics. Statistical Package for Social Services (Version 23) was used to analyze the results. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Geographical location and age had a significant role in the occurrence of dental diseases. There was a considerable difference in rates of dental diseases and NCD prevalence in the various regions of Asia-Pacific. It was observed that for most of the NCDs, there was a linear significant relationship for edentulism as well as periodontal diseases with high statistical significance. Discussion: The factors that contribute to the discrepancies, phenomenon, and relationship between the oral diseases and NCDs are discussed. The current state of the importance of oral health, in maintaining overall health is discussed. Methods by which policymakers could bring about a change by utilizing the principles of “Overton window” for mobilizing the support of people are presented.

Burden of dental diseases in India as compared to South Asia: An insight

In the recent past, the level of prevalence and incidence of dental caries and periodontal diseases in India and its comparison with South-Asian neighbors have not been reported. The manuscript estimates the same using the global disease burden 2016 approach. Materials and Methods: Secondary data analysis of primary data presented by Vos et al., 2016, was used for this study. Data from the global burden of disease, data at https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/and http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool, and data for permanent dental caries, periodontal diseases, and overall dental disorders for both genders (age standardized) at prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were obtained for India and South Asian region and compared qualitatively. Results: For every 100,000 Indians, as compared to South Asian males (30,903 in every 100,000), Indian males (31,489) had prevalence of dental caries. Among females, the same was 33,926 for South Asians and 34,426 for Indians. Similarly, the 2016 incidence of dental caries was higher among Indians as compared to South Asians and more females suffered from dental caries than males, whereas a reversal of gender trend was observed with periodontal disease. Overall dental disorder burden from 1990 to 2016 is presented. Conclusion: There is a difference between genders in the prevalence, incidence, and DALYs of caries of permanent dentition and that of periodontal diseases. As compared to South Asia, India has more burden of dental diseases. Indian dental workforce and oral health policy need to be realigned to counter the burden of oral disorders.

Gardner syndrome with chronic osteomyelitis of the jaw: a case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

Gardner syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disease. Its symptoms include multiple intestinal polyps, soft tissue tumors, dental disorders, osteoma, and congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. Here, we present a patient with Gardner syndrome and chronic osteomyelitis of the jaw to highlight the serious damage that can be caused by Gardner syndrome.

Skin Carvings: Predictive Diagnosis in Modern Era.

The science and art of markings of the skin especially hands and feet’s is known as dermatoglyphics, where derma means skin and glyph mean carving. For centuries, the features of the hands have fascinated scholars, sages, theologians, doctors, and layman alike. In 1926 Cummins introduced the term “dermatoglyphics.” “Samudra Shastra” was known as ridge pattern study in ancient India. The epidermal ridge patterns were classified into “Chakra, Shankya, and Padma” which corresponds with the whorl, loop, and arch system of modern classification. All individuals have unique fingerprints which remain unchanged over the lifetime. Multiple genes determine fingerprint configurations and the study of fingerprints reveal vital genetic and medical information about an individual. Dermatoglyphics is considered as the window of congenital abnormalities and is a sensitive indicator of intrauterine anomalies. For preliminary investigations in conditions with a suspected genetic basis dermatoglyphic analysis is now beginning to prove itself as an extremely useful tool. In dentistry, various studies have been published on the dermatoglyphics. Here in this present review, the dermatoglyphic patterns of the palms and soles, the methods to record the palm and sole prints and various studies conducted among the dental disorders has been highlighted.